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50 ISCAR CUTTING DATA AND CUTTING CONDITIONSProcess PlanningAllowance determination is one of the important tasks of machining process planning %u2013 a field of manufacturing engineering, for specifying machining processes and their operations to ensure efficient manufacturing of a part based on the best technological capabilities such as machines, fixtures, cutting tools, CAD/CAM systems etc.Machining allowance refers to applying a specific cutting tool, with a given allowance for an application. Depending on the requirements of accuracy and surface finish, possible tool limitations (for instance, the maximum depth of cut provided by the tool, is less than the allowance), the material removal can be done with just one tool pass or requires multiple passes.When defining cutting data for machining a workpiece from a specific material on machinery equipment, the following principles should be followed. In rough machining, the cutting depth is set to the largest possible, preferably to be equal to the operation allowance or its greater part. The same approach is applied to specifying the feed: the feed should be as high as possible in the light of existing technological limitations such as machine power, cutting condition, tool strength etc.In finish machining, the key factors for determining depths of cut and feeds are the required parameters of accuracy and surface finish, and surface quality provided by the previous operation. Cutting speed depends on the characteristics of the tool cutting material, cutting conditions, type of machining, and prescribed tool life.The evolution of accurate metal shaping, such as precision investment casting, precision forging, and 3D printing, are all capable of shaping a part very close to its final profile, significantly diminishes traditional chip-removal processes. As a result, the requirements for machining operations in engineering processes tend to change. The role of productive and accurate cutting with a small allowance at high speeds and feeds is expected to grow substantially, and metalworking industries will require a wide range of tools that are more precise and durable.Cutting Data As a Function of Cutting ConditionsCutting conditions have a direct impact on specifying cutting data. Generally, the relationship of these machining characteristics is quite simple: harder cutting conditions equal smaller cutting parameters.